How does target identification impact use-of-force decisions?

• A. Target identification is optional in most encounters.
• B. Target identification should be deferred until after force is used.
• C. Target identification should be based on the officer's impression alone.
• D. Proper target identification reduces the risk of shooting non-threats or innocents and supports a measured response.

Answer: (D)

Positive target identification before using force is essential because it determines whether the person or object you’re evaluating is truly a threat. When you can positively identify a threat, you can apply a proportionate, controlled response and avoid harming innocents or bystanders. This mindful approach supports the use-of-force continuum, helps justify actions legally, and can prevent unnecessary escalation.

That’s why the statement about proper target identification reducing the risk of shooting non-threats or innocents and guiding a measured response is the best choice. Identifying targets is not optional, delaying identification until after force is used is dangerous, and relying on impression alone is unreliable; identification should be informed, careful, and supported by observable indicators.